At this age, children intensely perceive the emotions of those around them without fully grasping events. The surrounding anxiety can disturb their sense of safety.

• Use simple, reassuring language. For example: “There are people fighting outside, but here we are together and I am here to protect you.” Avoid overwhelming them with complex or frightening information.
• Physical contact is essential to reassure them. Encourage soothing activities such as drawing, listening to familiar stories or simple games. Keeping daily routines creates a sense of normality. Validate their emotions: “I understand that you’re scared, that’s normal. I’m here with you.”

Children of this age are beginning to understand what war is, which can stir existential fears or the dread of losing loved ones.

• Provide honest but measured information. For example: “There is fighting that makes things dangerous, but we are doing everything to stay safe. It’s hard, but we are together.”
• Encourage them to voice their questions and feelings. Give them responsibilities to help them feel useful, such as preparing an emergency bag or helping the younger ones. These actions restore a sense of control. Use expressive activities like writing or drawing to externalise their fears.

Adolescents are particularly sensitive to injustice and to the long-term consequences of conflict. Their deeper understanding can intensify their distress.

• Engage in open, honest conversations. For example: “War is unjust and causes a great deal of suffering. It is normal to feel anger or despair, but we can find constructive ways of facing it together.”
• Offer them a space to express their feelings and opinions. Discuss the causes of the conflict, pathways of resilience and possible actions. Involve them in concrete tasks: helping younger children, sharing daily responsibilities or taking part in solidarity initiatives within the community.